How is Avogadro's Number Related to the Numbers on the Periodic Table? 

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The listed atomic mass in the Periodic table is the mass of Avogadro's number of atoms. Avogadro's number is related to periodic table numbers in a way that it is used to define the number of atoms or molecules in a mole. In this article, we will understand Atomic mass, Mole, and Avogadro’s number.

Why is Avogadro's Number

Related to the Numbers on the Periodic Table? Avogadro's number is important because it acts as a bridge between very large numbers and familiar, manageable units. Avogadro's number essentially allows us to write the mass of one mole of a substance in small numbers (the molecular weight). It also allows us to express the ratios of reactants and products in a chemical equation. This simplifies calculations significantly. The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties. The number of atoms of an element in one mole of that element is represented by the atomic mass of the element, which is typically given in atomic mass units (amu) or grams per mole (g/mol). To convert the atomic mass of an element in amu to the number of atoms in one mole of that element, you would multiply the atomic mass by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023). Therefore, Avogadro's number is related to the numbers on the periodic table because it is used to convert the atomic mass of an element to the number of atoms in one mole of that element.

1. Atomic Mass

Each element's atoms have a characteristic number of protons, which determines which atom we are looking at. As a result, the atomic number refers to the number of protons in an atom. The number of neutrons for a given element, on the other hand, can differ. Atomic mass is the total mass of matter particles in an atom, which is the sum of the masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. However, electrons are so small that they are insignificant while calculating an atom's mass. As a result, the atomic mass of a single atom is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons.

atomic mass calculation

2. Mole- Definition

The amount of substance is a measurement of how many elementary entities of a given substance are present in an object or sample. The mole is defined as having 6.022140761023 elementary entities. An elementary entity can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an ion pair, or a subatomic particle such as an electron, depending on the substance. For example, despite having different volumes and masses, 10 moles of water (a chemical compound) and 10 moles of mercury (a chemical element) contain equal amounts of substance, and the mercury contains exactly one atom for each molecule of water.

3. Avogadro’s Number

The number of units of any substance in one mole is known as Avogadro's number. It is also known as Avogadro's constant. It is named after Amedeo Avogadro, who made significant contributions to the field of chemistry. Avogadro's number is a fixed number that equals 6.02214076 x 1023 When used as a constant proportionality factor, the number is dimensionless (no units). Avogadro's number is one mole, so this is basically the same as asking how big a mole is. Avogadro's number can be applied to anything:

4. How is Avogadro's Number

Related to the Numbers on the Periodic Table? Using Avogadro's Number to Calculate Atomic Mass

  • The number of particles in one mole of anything is known as Avogadro's number. It is the number of atoms in one mole of an element in this context.

  • Using Avogadro's number, it is simple to calculate the mass of a single atom. To obtain the answer in grams, divide the element's relative atomic mass by Avogadro's number.

  • The same procedure is used to determine the mass of a single molecule. It can be done by adding all of the atomic masses in the chemical formula and dividing by Avogadro's number.

Also Refer:

What is Molar Mass?

1. Sample Calculation

Determine the mass of a single carbon (C) atom in grams. Solution The atomic mass of carbon = 12.01 grams of one mole of carbon. 1 mole of carbon = 6.022 x 1023 atoms of carbon (Avogadro's number). This relationship is then used to 'convert' a carbon atom to grams using the following ratio:

relationship between avogadro's number and periodic table numbers
Relationship Between Avogadro's Number and Periodic Table Numbers

To calculate the mass of one atom, enter the atomic mass of carbon:

sample calculation of atomic mass
atomic mass calculation
mass of 1 C atom = 1.994 x 10-

mass of 1 C atom = 1.994 x 10-23 g.

Key Takeaways

  • The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

  • The atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

  • A mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry.

  • The mole and Avogadro's number connect the atom or molecule (microscopic) to the amount of substance used in laboratories (macroscopic).

  • The number 6.022 x 1023 of anything is Avogadro's number.

  • A mole of a substance has a specific mass and tends to take up a specific volume.

FAQs

1. What is the relationship between moles and Avogadro's number?

The relationship between moles and Avogadro's number is that Avogadro's number is used to define the number of entities (such as atoms, ions, or molecules) in one mole of a substance. One mole of a substance is equal to Avogadro's number of entities, which is approximately 6.022 x 1023.

2. What is Avogadro's number?

Avogadro's number, also known as Avogadro's constant, is a fundamental constant of physics and chemistry that is used to define the number of atoms or molecules in a mole of a substance. It is approximately 6.022 x 1023 atoms or molecules per mole.

3. How is Avogadro's number related to atomic mass?

Avogadro's number is used to convert the atomic mass of an element to the number of atoms in one mole of that element. To do this, you would multiply the atomic mass of the element in atomic mass units (amu) by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023). This can also be used to convert the mass of an element in grams to the number of atoms present in the sample.

4. How does Avogadro's number help in understanding the chemical behavior of elements?

Avogadro's number helps to understand the chemical behavior of elements because it allows us to compare the number of atoms or molecules of different elements on a consistent scale. By knowing Avogadro's number, we can compare the number of atoms or molecules in a mole of one element to the number of atoms or molecules in a mole of another element, which can help to explain the chemical behavior of these elements and their reactions with other elements.

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